These early lines were shallow, vented by shafts in the walls extending to the surface, which can still be seen at Baker Street station, and extended up to 50 miles out into the countryside, where much of the working-class lived.įully underground lines with electric trains began in 1890 with the City and South London Line, and by the early 20th century an extensive network of different companies, linked by marketing agreements, ran the system. Nonetheless, other lines soon followed, with the District and the Circle Lines by 1884. The system was intended for transporting workers, and indeed, with all the smoke and ash filling the tunnels and the stations, few other people were willing to use the early trains. The train was pulled through the tunnels by a steam engine fuelled with coal, and the carriages were lit by gas lights. The London Underground railway system, always referred to as “The Tube,” was the world’s first such system and began with the opening in 1863 of the Metropolitan Line. Despite this, there was a fight to get credit for his creation from London Transport. This led to a global standard that most transport networks now follow. Henry C Beck was a simple draftsman who thought the London Underground’s Tube map was too complicated and could be easier to understand if it looked more like an electrical diagram. London’s history is filled with historical figures who were just doing a job or once had an idea that turned into something bigger than they ever intended. Beck received little credit for his work during his lifetime.As instantly recognisable as the Union Jack.Set a style for transport maps around the world.
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